Ruiz v. Estelle Essay Example

Ruiz v. Estelle Essay In 1974, the petition was Joined by seven other inmates and became a class action suit known as Uric v. Estelle. The trial ended in 1979 with the ruling that the conditions of imprisonment within the DC prison system constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the United States Constitution, with the original report Issued In 1980, a 118 page decision by Judge William Justice. There followed decades of further litigation In the form of consent decrees, appeals and other legal actions, until a final Judgment was rendered In 1992. But problems In enforcement continued, and in 1 996 U. S. Congress enacted the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLEA) to address these issues as well as abuse of the prison litigation process. However, in October 1 997, the district court, still not satisfied with the compliance of the DC, gave permission for continuing site visits by attorneys and experts for the inmate class, and this continued into 1999. In response to this, the DC issued more than 450,000 pages of evidence and accepted 50 additional site visits. In 2001, the court found that the DC was in compliance on the issue of use of Orca against inmates and had adequate policies and procedures in place. However, the court continued to have issues with the current and ongoing constitutional violations regarding administrative segregation In the conditions of confinement and the practice of using administrative segregation to house mentally Ill Inmates that It found. Judge Justice ordered sweeping and dramatic changes in the states prison system. Texas officials filed appeals that lead to reversing parts of Justices 1980 ruling. An agreement was reached that there would be a 95 percent prison capacity, he separation of hardcore offenders from other inmates, the hiring of more prison guards and improving of the medical treatment of prisoners. Judge Justice had an iron hand on the oversight of the prison system until 1994, and maintained limited control until 2003. To comply with the 95 percent cap, prisoners were given early releases for good behavior and others, usually nonviolent criminals, served only a fraction of their prison sentences. In 2007, In the consolidated case of Jones v. Bock the U. S. Supreme Court, In a unanimous decision, set forth limitations on the extent of prison allotting. The states rapidly growing population meant that even If crime rates stayed the same, the Texas prison system would need much greater capacity. Aerogram. At the time of the Uric trial the state operated Just eighteen prison facilities for approximately 25,000 inmates. In the late sass and early sass the state built an additional eighty-nine units of varying sizes and types to accommodate more than 140,000 prisoners. New units have continued to come on line over the past decade to accommodate a state prison population whose number s have leveled off at approximately 142,000. Work Cited Jackson, Bruce. We will write a custom essay sample on Ruiz v. Estelle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ruiz v. Estelle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ruiz v. Estelle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Webers Social Theories within essays

Webers Social Theories within essays Webers Social Theories within our Modern Economic World Wal-Mart, the largest private cooperation in America reflects a lot of the business and economic strategies of our capitalist nation. The LA Times recently published an article about how Wal-Mart both helps the American population by providing goods at low costs and also hurts our society because of the way in which their employees are treated and the many social and economic repercussions Wal-Marts calculated efforts for price reduction cause. By analyzing the aspects of Wal-Marts strategies and policies which are illustrated in this article, we are able to examine many of Max Webers social theories including issues regarding capitalism, rationalization, organization of big companies, control over employees through calculation and traditionalism, and the Protestant ethic as it is embedded within our society. Webers observations on capitalistic business strategies that calculate how to run businesses more efficiently by calculating income and costs meticulously reflects the strategies Wal-Mart uses in order to reap profits. It is one of the fundamental characteristics of an individual capitalistic economy that it is rationalized on the basis of rigorous calculation, directed with foresight and caution toward the economic success (The Protestant Ethic 37). This clearly reflects the kind of rationalized economic strategies that Wal-Mart fundamentally focuses on. In the main headquarters of this enormous corporation there are lists of all the competitive retail stores, such as Target with pictures of the main-executives of these stores. They want to know everything about their competitors so that they can calculate an efficient plan to wrestle customers into their own stores. They shaved costs everywhere through this meticulous form of calculation. Inventory costs are lowered by stra tegically managing goods within the store, man...

Multipe Sclerosis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multipe Sclerosis - Assignment Example In addition, the damage of the myelin sheath makes it difficult for the brain to transmit signals to parts of the body. Also, due to the effect on the brain, patients lack balance, that results to physical inactiveness and the patient remains dull. The disease also weakens the limbs, causing difficult movement. MS patients experience blurred vision or in some instance double vision. This may be caused by the brain not transmitting information to the eye. Patients also suffer scantiness of coordination leading to clumsiness and feebleness in the limbs. Moreover, a common symptom is lack of balance leading to problems in walking whereby a patient may fall. Additionally, close to 90% of the patient experience fatigue causing weak muscles (Weiner & Stankiewicz 2012). The tests for the disorder are mainly Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed tomography. These two tests involve studying the cells. The cells later draw up patterns that help the observer to determine whether there is the presence of the infection in the cells. The observation made by the clinic officer later helps them determine which kind of treatment to use, either clinical or surgical (Constantino et al. 2012). Constantino et al. (2012) explain that the treatment could be by use of biomarkers being introduced to the body of the patient. Interferon-beta can also be used by neutralizing antibodies in the patient’s body. However, the clinician should take time to evaluate the patient’s body response to different biomarkers so as to ensure that the patient is treated with the biomarker that reacts positively with the body. Alkhawajah, M., Caminero, A., Freeman, H., & Oger, J. (2013). Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: What We Know And What We Would Need To Know!. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 19(3), 259-265. Constantino, C., Rodrigues, R., Neto, J., Marchiori, E., Araujo, A., de Mello Perez, R., & Parente, D.